Normal TMJ Function

Closed

  • Posterior band of disc envelops superior part of condyle

  • Intermediate and anterior band between condyle and posterior slope of articular eminence

Partly Open

  • Posterior band goes more posterior to condyle as it rotates

  • Intermediate zone becomes articulating surface between condyle and eminence

Maximum Opening

  • Condyle rotate under anterior band and generally translates to area below eminence

Partly Closed

  • Same as partly open

Disc Displacement with Reduction

Closed

  • Posterior band located infront of condyle

Partly Open

  • Condyle moves forward and disc obstructs movement

  • Forces on disc causes tension that overcomes forces of condyle = click

  • Click occurs because condyle strikes articular eminence

Maximum Opening

  • Same as Normal

Partly Closed

  • Disc moves anterior again causing click

  • Click occurs because condyle strikes articular eminence

Disc Displacement without Reduction with Limited Opening

Closed

  • Same as with Reduction

Partly Open

  • Disc obstructs movement but maintains anterior position

Maximum Opening

  • Limited opening due to limited translation of condyle

  • No click

Partly Closed

  • Same as with Reduction

Disc Displacement without Reduction with Unlimited Opening

Closed

  • Same as with Reduction

Partly Open

  • Same as with Reduction

Maximum Opening

  • Disc doesn't impinge on movement but remains anteriorly, medially or laterally

Partly Closed

  • Same as with Reduction

Subluxation

Closed

  • Same as Normal

Partly Open

  • Same as Normal

Maximum Opening

  • Normal until nearly fully open

  • Condyle and disc anteriorly displaced past eminence (open-lock)

  • Click late on opening

Partly Closed

  • Click early on closing

  • Otherwise Normal

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Normal Anatomy of the TMJ